The 9K31 Strela-1 (Russian: 9К31 «Стрела-1»; English: arrow) is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system. Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31, it is commonly known by …

Five different types of Strela satellites (six if one counts the Rodnik aka Strela-3M satellites) have been launched, designated Strela-1 (1964-1965), Strela-1M (1970-1992), Strela-2 (1965-1968), Strela-2M (1970-1994), and Strela-3 (1985-2010).

The Strela-1M satellites were one component of the Strela store-dump communication system. It consisted of a large number of satellites deployed one orbital plane. The Strela-1M satellites were orbited in octuplets and were allowed to drift ramdomly in their 1500 km orbits to allow a more or less even distribution.

The Strela communications system consisted of a constellation of medium orbit store-dump satellites that provided survivable communications for Soviet military and intelligence forces. The operational constellation consisted of several dozen Strela-1M and 8 Strela-2M satellites.

Strela-1M. An initial upgraded satellite in the Strela family became known as Strela-1M. From April 25, 1970, and until June 3, 1992, a total of 45 satellites of this type were launched from Plesetsk by Kosmos-3M rockets in groups of eight into a 1,500-kilometer orbit with an inclination 82.5 degrees toward the Equator. According to ISS ...

Also called 9M31M "Strela-1M" (NATO SA-9B "Gaskin-Mod1") in entered service in 1970. It had better performance characteristics, heavier warhead (3 kg) had a more accurate guidance system, extended range, rated up to 8000 m (0.35 to 5 miles), which this diverged among sources.

The 9K31 Strela-1 (Russian: 9К31 «Стрела-1»; English: arrow) is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system. Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K31, it is commonly known by …

Oct 19, 2012 · The Strela-1 SAM system as part of a platoon (4 combat vehicles) was part of an anti-aircraft missile artillery battery (Shilka-Strela-1) of a tank (motorized) regiment.

Prototype of the small satellite element of the Strela system, which consisted of a large constellation of medium orbit store-dump satellites that provided survivable communications for Soviet military and intelligence forces.

Russian surface-to-air missile. Improved version of the Strela-1. AKA: 9K31M;9M31M;Gaskin;SA-9B;Strela-1M. Status: Operational 1970. Payload: 3.00 kg (6.60 lb). In 1968-1970 a modernised version of the Strela was developed, which included additional equipment to locate targets.