The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

Two of the main cellular pathways in which the RAS protein operates are the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways. In a normal cell, these are important in controlling several functions, such as cell growth and survival.

Dec 18, 2023 · RAS/RAF/MAPK can be activate via two pathways: (1) a ligand-dependent pathway, in which ligands, such as growth factors, hormones, or cytokines, physically engage with receptors; and (2) a...

RAS proteins in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans regulate pathways that are strikingly similar to the canonical RAS-MAPK pathway in mammalian cells (Lusk et al., 2017).

Jul 8, 2021 · What is the Ras signaling pathway? H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras are closely related proteins that are frequently mutated in human cancers. Specifically, they are different isoforms of small, guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that function as …

The Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway is probably the best characterized signal transduction pathway in cell biology. The function of this pathway is to transduce signals from the extracellular milieu to the cell nucleus where specific genes are activated for cell growth, division and differentiation.

Oct 22, 2014 · The RAS proteins in turn signal through three alternative pathways to affect many downstream targets including TP53, RB1, and MTOR. Arrows represent activation signals, dotted "T" lines represent inhibitory signals.

Feb 7, 2025 · Understanding Ras signaling pathways provides insights into how cells communicate and respond to external stimuli. Mutations in Ras genes are among the most common genetic alterations in human cancers, making them critical targets for research and therapeutic intervention.

Feb 11, 2025 · Explore the RAS signaling pathway, its molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic insights for targeted cancer treatments. The RAS signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

The RAS proteins control signalling pathways that are key regulators of several aspects of normal cell growth and malignant transformation.