The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is a controversial concept [1] [2] by which molecules of certain sizes (typically liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal tissues.

Aug 6, 2021 · This review highlights the significance of the concept and mechanism of the EPR effect and discusses methods for better utilizing the EPR effect in developing smarter macromolecular nanomedicine to achieve a satisfactory outcome in clinical applications.

In the context of solid tumors, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has become an important driver of cancer nanomedicine design and it has served as a key cornerstone of tumor-targeted drug delivery 1-3.

Dec 1, 2022 · Over the past three decades, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been considered the basis of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Various cancer nanomedicines, including macromolecular drugs, have been designed to utilize this mechanism for preferential extravasation and accumulation in solid tumors.

The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect describes the phenomenon of tumor blood vessels facilitating transport of macromolecules into tumor tissues due to the leaky and highly permeable nature of tumor vasculature.

May 1, 2022 · In this review, we discuss the landscape of well-established and emerging EPR enhancing strategies with an emphasis on the principles and hurdles to implement the EPR effect, representative physical and pharmacological approaches to modulate EPR, and clinical advances of such strategies.

My review here describes the history and heterogeneity of the EPR effect, which involves defective tumor blood vessels and blood flow. We reported that restoring obstructed tumor blood flow overcomes impaired drug delivery, leading to improved EPR effects.

Over time, the concentration of nanodrugs builds up in tumors due to the EPR effect, reaching several times higher than that of plasma due to the lack of lymphatic drainage. This review will address in detail the progress and prospects of tumor-targeting via EPR effect for cancer therapy.

Aug 6, 2021 · Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-based nanomedicine is a promising strategy for successful anticancer therapy. The EPR effect is based on tumor blood flow.

Mar 18, 2011 · This review discusses molecular mechanisms of factors related to the EPR effect, the unique anatomy of tumor vessels, limitations and techniques to avoid such limitations, augmenting tumor drug delivery, and experimental and clinical findings.