Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is essential in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis. Mammalian Cyt c also scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) under healthy conditions, produces ROS with the co-factor p66 Shc, and oxidizes cardiolipin during apoptosis.

The cytochrome complex, or cyt c, is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. It transfers electrons between Complexes III (Coenzyme Q – Cyt c reductase) and IV (Cyt c oxidase). Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes.

We discuss the complex regulation of Cyt c and propose that it is a central regulatory step of the mammalian ETC that can be rate limiting in normal conditions. This regulation is important because it maintains optimal intermediate ΔΨ m, limiting ROS generation.

Apr 1, 2020 · Alignment of ubiquitous Cytc from anthropoid primates (human, chimpanzee, macaque) and somatic and testes-specific Cytc isoforms of non-anthropoid mammals (bull, mouse, rat).

Under conditions of cellular stress, Cytc release from the mitochondria is a committing step for apoptosis, leading to apoptosome formation, caspase activation, and cell death. Recently, Cytc was shown to be a target of cellular signaling pathways that regulate the functions of Cytc by tissue-specific phosphorylations.

Feb 3, 2017 · Mammalian cytochrome c (Cytc) is a small globular protein and functions as a mobile electron carrier in the electron transport chain (ETC), shuttling electrons from bc 1 complex to cytochrome c oxidase (COX).

Sequence alignment of Cytc with highlighted post-translational modifications identified in mammals in vivo. Top, somatic Cytc from selected mammalian species with matching sequences of the...

Tissue specific post-translational modifications of cytochrome c (Cytc) are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis.

Cytochrome c is a well-known mitochondrial protein that fulfills life-supporting functions by transferring electrons to the respiratory chain to maintain ATP production.

Mar 24, 2021 · Databases of cyts c now contain 285 cyt c sequences from different organisms. A sequence alignment of all these proteins with respect to horse cyt c led to several important conclusions. One...