BTX-A binds SV2 and the vesicle is recycled by the neuron and brought back into the cell, the BTX is said to be internalized. However, the light chain must still gain access from the recy-cled vesicle to the cytosol in order to perform its function. To do this, BTX-A undergoes a pH-dependent conformational change that causes a

To quantitatively assess the degree of colocalization between anti-SV2 and R-BTX, we examined the length of overlap between the two images along line intensity pro®les. Similar to ...

Feb 11, 2025 · To gain molecular insights into the steps preceding toxin translocation, we determine cryo-EM structures of BoNT/A1 alone and in complex with its receptor synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B (SV2B)....

Jun 30, 2021 · We observed a significant reduction in the number of BTX and SV2 puncta in cells expressing eGFP-FUS R514G (p < 0.05) and eGFP-FUS ΔNLS (p < 0.05) compared to eGFP-FUS WT (Fig. 4B).

How the widely used botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognizes and enters neurons is poorly understood. We found that BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (isoforms A, B, and C). Fragments of SV2 that harbor the toxin interaction domain inhibited BoNT/A from binding to neurons.

luminal domain of the synaptic vesicle membrane protein SV2. (A) Stimulation of mouse hemidiaphragm preparations with high-K+ buffer increases binding of BoNT/A. NMJs were labeled with a-bungarotoxin (a-BTX). The overlay shows an enlarged image of the region indicated by rectangles. Error bars show SEM (P < 0.0001, Student's t test, n = 27 images).

Botox A binds the loop between the transmembrane domains 7 and 8 of SV2 (see Figures 1 and 2) when that loop is exposed to the synaptic cleft after synaptic vesicle exocytosis. SV2-bound Botox A is then endocytosed when SV2 is recycled into a synaptic vesicle.

We found that BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (isoforms A, B, and C). Fragments of SV2 that harbor the toxin interaction domain inhibited BoNT/A

Apr 28, 2006 · Botulinum neurotoxins A and B bind to the SV2 and synaptotagmin, respectively, and are internalized by endocytosis into vesicles coated with clathrin (black and gray cage-like structure). Endocytotic vesicles acidify, which triggers membrane insertion of the B chains and translocation of the A chains across the membrane into the cytoplasm.

This meta-analysis suggests that treatment with BTX-A is effective and safe for neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and recommends using BTX-A with 300 U or with 200 U, as suitable dosage.