Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) saturation indices are commonly used to evaluate a water’s scale-forming and scale-dissolving tendencies to help prevent CaCO 3 scaling in piping and equipment (e.g., industrial heat exchangers or domestic water heaters).

Revision 11/16/1999 2320.CRF 1 of 2 CARBONATE, BICARBONATE, and TOTAL ALKALINITY Standard Methods 2320 (Titration Method) Table 1. Summary of Contract Required Detection Limits, Holding Times, and

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater represents the best current practice of American water analysts. This comprehensive reference covers all aspects of water and wastewater analysis techniques.

Analysis for the following contaminants shall be conducted in accordance with the methods in the following table, or their equivalent as determined by EPA. The methods and monitoring requirements for these contaminants are specified in 40 CFR 141.402(c)(2). Additional methods are listed in Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141.

Alkalinity of a water is its acid-neutralizing capacity. It is the sum of all the titratable bases. The measured value may vary significantly with the end-point pH used. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted in terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is known.

Hydroxyl ions present in a sample as a result of dissociation or hydrolysis of solutes react with additions of standard acid. Alkalinity thus depends on the end-point pH used. Applicable to wastewater, surface waters, and drinking waters.

Principle: Hydroxyl ions present in a sample as a result of dissociation or hydrolysis of solutes react with additions of standard acid. Alkalinity thus depends on the end-point pH used. For methods of determining inflection points from titration curv es and the rationale for titrating to fixed pH end points, see Section 2310B.1 a.

Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted in terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample is known. Alkalinity is important for many uses and when treating natural waters and wastewaters.

Association (APHA) American Water Works Association (AWWA) Water Environment Federation (WEF) The Standard Methods Organization Dr. Ellen Braun-Howland Dr. Andrew D. Eaton Dr. Terry E. Baxter 8000 3000 1000 9000 10000 4000 5000 6000 2000 7000 Nathan Edman, E-mail: [email protected]) is Standard Methods Manager and

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