May 9, 2024 · Imaging with ultrasound, contrast-enhanced CT, MRI or conventional angiography is useful for detecting vascular thoracic outlet syndrome (e.g. arterial and/or venous …

Jun 3, 2016 · Magnetic resonance imaging is the noninvasive imaging modality of choice in evaluating patients with suspected TOS, but computed tomography also plays an important …

Dec 1, 2019 · Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is challenging to diagnose, as the physical findings and investigations lack sensitivity and/or specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with …

In this article, we set out to summarise the diagnostic approach in cases of suspected TOS, including the importance of history taking, clinical examination, and the role of investigations at …

Sep 8, 2024 · Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high-resolution imaging technique that offers unparalleled detail in diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Unlike plain X-rays …

Imaging of the thoracic outlet often requires specific protocols and positioning that is not inherent in standard CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neck, cervical spine, or chest protocols. …

Computed tomographic (CT) angiography or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed in association with postural maneuvers is helpful in analyzing the dynamically induced compression.

Nov 23, 2012 · Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by the impingement of the brachial plexus nerves, subclavian artery (SCA), and subclavian vein (SCV) in the thoracic outlet, the …

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) denotes the clinical entity that occurs with compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and/or subclavian vein at the superior thoracic outlet. There …

Jun 27, 2023 · Thoracic outlet syndromes (TOSs) are caused by compression of the neurovascular structures passing through the thoracic outlet (see the images below). Three …