Subclavian steal syndrome, upper extremity claudication ... Flow reversal can occur in both the vertebral and internal mammary artery, or can be isolated to either vessel. The incidence of ...

In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

Owing to the improvement in BMT after completion of initial CEA and some of the CAS trials, the SPACE-2 (Stent Protected Angioplasty in Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis vs Endarterectomy) trial ...

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