The rate of pseudoarthrosis after ankle arthrodesis has been reported to range from 0% [4] to 41%. [5] In a study of 78 ankle fusions, Frey and associates [6] found a nonunion rate of 41% ...

Correspondence to Dr Pedro M Machado, Centre for Rheumatology and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK; p.machado{at}ucl.ac.uk Contributors PMM drafted ...

Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. Symptoms of this lifelong condition usually begin in early adulthood and include pain and stiffness in the lower back.

The primary symptoms of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), a chronic inflammatory disease, include back pain, fatigue, joint pain, heel pain, sleep problems, and abdominal pain. Symptoms vary from ...

Figure 2: Genetic map of 5p15.1 and genomic organization of ANKH. Figure 3: Cosegregation of ANKH mutations with the CMD phenotype. All eight families with mutations in ANKH are shown. We ...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis that causes inflammation in certain parts of the spine. Ankylosing means stiff or rigid. Spondyl means spine. Itis refers to inflammation. The ...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic condition that commonly influences the spine and sacroiliac joints, usually progresses to stiffness and progressive functional limitation. Its fundamental ...

Figure 2 Studies of concordance for AS in UK twins recruited through the National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society. The clear difference on concordance rates between MZ twins and DZ twins is highly ...