In 1059, Pope Nicholas II decreed only cardinals would primarily elect the pope, laying the groundwork for the formal role of the College of Cardinals. This shift marked the beginning of a more ...
To salvage the electoral system from internal and external chaos, Pope Nicholas II decreed in 1059 that popes should be selected by men of the cloth—namely, cardinal-bishops. Up to then ...
Pope Nicholas II, who served in 1059-61, was the pope who ruled that only cardinals were eligible to vote to elect a pope. – “To put an end to discord” created when two or more candidates received a ...
It was in 1059 that Pope Nicholas II decided to tighten things up by decreeing that popes would be chosen by cardinals only. This curbed the influence of external figures like emperors and aristocrats ...
Born in about 1100, he became Pope for four and half years in 1154. Nicholas Breakspear was the son of an educated but poor man. He was a Saxon and was not admitted to the Abbey at St Albans a few ...
In 1059, Pope Nicholas II decreed only cardinals would primarily elect the pope, laying the groundwork for the formal role of the College of Cardinals. This shift marked the beginning of a more ...
In 1059, Pope Nicholas II decreed only cardinals would primarily elect the pope, laying the groundwork for the formal role of the College of Cardinals. This shift marked the beginning of a more ...