Bilateral optic disc swelling is an important clinical sign that can reflect a variety of inflammatory, infectious, toxic, metabolic, genetic, or vascular conditions, such as hypertension.

High blood pressure, or hypertension ... (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, smoking exacerbates conditions like dry eye syndrome and optic nerve damage. The toxins in cigarettes ...

The condition appears to be triggered when the optic nerve swells, choking off its blood supply because the nerve's pathway ...

Bilateral optic disc swelling ... discrete retinal nerve fiber layer and pigment epithelial changes at a distance from the optic discs raised the probability of malignant hypertension.