have systemic sepsis at the time of ERCP, or are deemed to have inadequate biliary drainage after the procedure. Statistically significant improvements in outcome will, however, be difficult to ...

Methods: In patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed to define the proximal and distal extent of intraductal tumor.

ERCP combines the use of x-rays and an endoscope, which is a long, flexible, lighted tube. Through the endoscope, the physician can see the inside of the stomach and duodenum and inject dyes into the ...