When this stopped, the prisoners were then transported all the way to Australia. Penal transportation was ... the harshest forms of punishment in the colony. “Convicts loathed it.

MANITOWOC – Local author Jim Lazarus recently published his fifth book, “Eight Stories ... convicted and sent to serve in the Australian Penal Colony. Upon his release, the man returns ...

Partly this is because considerable effort was put into distancing New Zealand from the convict “taint” of Australia’s penal colonies. There is further confusion over the jail’s designer.