E1s and E2s first work generically across the cell to activate and prepare ubiquitin for attachment. E3 ligases then ensure that the tag is added to the right protein; as such, hundreds of specific ...

A hybrid microscope allows scientists to simultaneously image the full 3D orientation and position of an ensemble of molecules, such as labeled proteins inside cells. The microscope combines polarized ...

Two heads are better than one, as the saying goes, and sometimes two instruments, ingeniously recombined, can accomplish feats that neither could have done on its own.