Aside from the axillary artery, the subclavian arteries branch into the internal thoracic artery, vertebral artery, costocervical trunk, thyrocervical trunk, and dorsal scapular artery.

In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

The vertebral artery is divided into four segments (V1–V4; Figure 1). The V1 segment originates at the subclavian artery and extends to the transverse foramina of either the fifth or sixth ...

Overall complication rates were similar to those seen with transfemoral access, however, and patients liked it better.