Both the two lower phyla of deuterostomes, including sea urchins (Echinodermata) and acorn worms (Hemichordata), contain a single true TGF-β homolog, while sea squirts (Urochordata) and amphioxus ...

Detecting danger is key to the survival and success of all species. Animal nervous and immune systems cooperate to optimize danger detection. Preceding studies have highlighted the benefits of ...

The diversity of regenerative phenomena seen in adult metazoans, as well as their underlying mechanistic bases, are still far from being comprehensively understood. Reviewing both ultrastructural and ...