Rigid bronchoscopy is usually preferred over the ... radiation therapy, tracheotomy, tracheostomy, inhalation injury, endotracheal intubation, previous laser surgery, or foreign body obstruction ...

Training in procedures such as PleurX catheter placement, talc pleurodesis, tracheal dilation, rigid bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, endobronchial stenting, balloon bronchoplasty, argon photocoagulation ...