The second law of thermodynamics, a cornerstone of modern physics, states that entropy—a measure of disorder—never spontaneously decreases. It governs everything from the efficiency of engines to the ...

Real Gases Real gases. Compressibility Factor. Van der Waals Equation. Condensation of gases. Principle of Corresponding States. Math Interlude Partial Differentiation. Thermodynamics First Law.

The famous second law of thermodynamics says that the world gets more and more disordered when random chance is at play. Or, ...

For over a century, the Maxwell’s Demon paradox has haunted physics. This thought experiment suggests that a tiny, ...

An international collaboration sheds new light on the relationship between quantum theory and thermodynamics. The research group demonstrated that while the laws of quantum theory alone do not ...

An Equation of State describes the equilibrium conditions of a system in terms of values of (p,v,T) that generate the equilibrium surface of state for the substance. For an Ideal Gas the equation of ...

The mathematics of hypersonic flight primarily involves fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and gas dynamics, particularly ...