Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

Located in Hamburg, Germany, this cutting-edge facility is home to the world’s largest and most powerful X-ray laser. Axion ...

T he atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

The protons and neutrons themselves are the basic bound states of quarks ... At present, we still have only basic one-dimensional momentum distributions of the quarks and gluons. Recent advances, both ...

a team of nuclear and particle physicists provide evidence that these temporary pairings of protons and neutrons affect the distribution of their constituent quarks and gluons (right).

Get Instant Summarized Text (Gist) The investigation into the proton's spin, specifically the contribution from gluons, suggests that a negative gluon polarization (∆g) is now less likely. Using ...

It also explains why neither quarks nor gluons can have a stand-alone existence. They only ever appear as part of larger composite particles, such as protons and neutrons. There is a whole ...

In the higher energy picture, composite protons and neutrons (composed of quarks and gluons) interact through quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This residual interaction is the strong nuclear force.

Holographic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a theoretical framework that uses concepts from string theory and general relativity to study the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, the ...