Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

Random number generation is a key part of cybersecurity and encryption, and it is applied to many apps used in everyday life, ...

After decades of study, scientists sound genuinely optimistic about the possibility of detecting primordial black holes, which might explain dark matter.

This video is an interactive lesson in calculating an atom’s mass and atomic number. Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells. The numbers of ...

Our physics expert picks his top-five equations, plus a scheme to supply US power needs with a bucket of baseballs. Thanks, ...

The cosmos now contained a vast array of fundamental particles such as neutrons, electrons and protons — the raw materials ... by Robert Dicke was trying to find evidence of the CMB and realized ...

Particle detectors play a crucial role in our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. They allow ...

For example, baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are combinations of three quarks bound tightly together by strong force-carrying gluons. When individual quarks are ripped from hadrons ...