Dear W.M.: CSF surrounds and supports the brain and spinal cord. The meninges normally form a fluid-proof barrier, but if the ...

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as Colony Stimulating Factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage), is a cytokine originally identified for its role in promoting the ...

For example, granulocyte colony formation in vitro can be stimulated by G-CSF, GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, SCF, IL-6 and weakly by IL-11 (Ref. 28). In particular, the CSFs seemed to have many biological ...

The blood-CSF barrier has been far less studied than the blood-brain barrier. Scientists have detected age-related changes in gene expression in the choroid plexus, and have linked these to increased ...

CSF oligoclonal bands is a test ordered by physicians when serious health concerns related to your central nervous system arise. Here’s what you need to know about it. If your physician suspects ...

M-CSF: macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL-6: interleukin-6; MMP-1: matrixmetalloproteinase-1. Credit must be given to the creator. Only noncommercial uses of the work are permitted.