Just as car engines have flat-plane and cross-plane crankshafts like the Ford Voodoo and Coyote engines, respectively, there are also two types of smaller engines: horizontal and vertical shaft.

The rate of vertical transmission of HIV-1 has fallen from over 20% to 3-10% in most industrialized countries since PACTG 076 was published and the regimen used was adopted as part of prenatal ...

Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 can occur in utero, intrapartum, and postpartum. The relative contribution of each mode and the mechanisms and timing of transmission have yet to be elucidated.