In addition, in cases of subclavian steal from the vertebral artery, there is a graded system showing a progressive change in the ipsilateral vertebral artery waveform. Grade I lesions demonstrate ...

Subclavian Steal Syndrome (SSS) is a condition that arises when there is a significant blockage or stenosis in the subclavian artery, which can lead to reversed blood flow in the vertebral artery.

Flow reversal can occur in both the vertebral and internal mammary artery, or can be isolated to either vessel. The incidence of coronary steal syndrome has been estimated at less than 0.5% ...