Slavery was its fuel. Many stakeholders benefited from the cotton economy — plantation owners in the ... This created a Second Middle Passage, the second largest forced migration in America ...

repeated slave sales, name changes and the passage of time—problems that Ms. Giesberg, too, encounters. Her subjects often left only the sketchiest historical traces—in plantation registers ...

So horrific is their "middle passage" across the Atlantic that almost a quarter of them die during the crossing. Slavery's inhumane ... run away from a Virginia plantation. Captured and returned ...

A sugar plantation ... in the slave fortresses of the West African coast, enslaved Africans then had to endure the horrific and potentially fatal ordeal of the Middle Passage.

Middle Passage Ceremonies and Port Markers Project Founder Ann Chinn says it’s not about slavery - it’s about acknowledging the impacts on history. “I think it’s doing what I think is very ...

rather than slavery itself. This would at least end the misery of the Middle Passage. It would also make currently enslaved people more valuable to plantation owners, forcing their masters to ...

William Wilberforce used the model during the Abolition Campaign to demonstrate the horrors of the Middle Passage.The model was based on an actual slave ship built in Liverpool in 1780-81 and co ...