In order for an op amp to output a linear voltage, the input signal must be within the device’s input common-mode range specification (V CM) and the output must be within the device’s output swing ...

Maybe you even have a favorite op-amp or two for different applications, covering many possible niches. Standard circuits such as an inverting amplifier are your bread and butter, and the formula ...

The single LT1815, dual LT1816 and quad LT1817 op amps feature a programmable current option, a noise figure of 6 nV/Hz1/2, and a THD of -70 dB at AV = 2, F = 5MHz, VOUT = 2 Vp-p, and RL = 500½.

LTspice simulation of the K2-W Vacuum Tube Op Amp’s design ... so that actual amplifier-stage voltage gains are higher than what we see in the plot. The upper waveform, Vout, is the K2-W first ...