Consequently, ZMQ-1 proves particularly effective for catalytic cracking of heavy oil. To evaluate the performance of ZMQ-1, the researchers conducted catalytic cracking experiments with vacuum ...

Tariffs on Canadian oil would mean less exports, but that would raise prices enough to make alternatives attractive. Midwest ...

“Heavy oil cannot easily be substituted with the light oil that makes up most of U.S. shale oil production; such a switch would create a significant loss of optimization in the highly expensive ...

of which 4.0 million barrels per day was heavy oil for use in upgraded refineries with cracking units,” the analysts stated in the report. “Heavy oil cannot easily be substituted with the ...