The stroke volume is equal to cross-sectional area (CSA) of the LVOT at the site of measurement times its ... dilatation and increased left atrium/aortic root transverse ratio is noted.
Antegrade cannulae are designed to deliver cardioplegia solution to the heart via the coronary ostia in the normal direction of blood flow (antegrade perfusion). Medtronic offers both aortic root ...
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