Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

Scientists believe such a substance of free quarks and gluons, the building blocks of protons and neutrons, permeated the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. A new analysis of data ...

T he atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...

The protons and neutrons themselves are the basic bound states of quarks ... At present, we still have only basic one-dimensional momentum distributions of the quarks and gluons. Recent advances, both ...

The different colours on the lattice represent the gluons and quark-antiquark pairs, which are part of the QCD vacuum. The large spheres depict the neutron and the proton. Each sphere is comprised ...

Holographic Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is a theoretical framework that uses concepts from string theory and general relativity to study the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, the ...

In the higher energy picture, composite protons and neutrons (composed of quarks and gluons) interact through quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This residual interaction is the strong nuclear force.