The communications technology of the public Internet, local area networks (LANs) and most wide area networks (WANs). The Internet Protocol (IP) is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite, and the terms ...

Explain basic concepts in the design and implementation of network layer protocols, including packet-switched IP routing, Dijkstra’s algorithm, virtual circuits, address resolution, and hierarchical ...

The set of protocols used in a communications network. A protocol stack is a prescribed hierarchy of software layers, starting from the application layer at the top (the source of the data being ...

Layer 0 provides the infrastructure, while layer 1 — e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum — forms the base protocol ... hashes in a tamper-proof manner. The network is like a blockchain’s nervous ...

TLS’s predecessor, secure socket layer (SSL) was developed by Netscape in 1995. SSL version 1.0 and 2.0 contained many security flaws that prompted a complete redesign of the protocol.

While Bitcoin has definitely proven its usefulness in these sorts of international payments, there is still plenty of room for improvement, and Layer 2 protocols like the Lightning Network may be the ...