Nuclear physics research is focused on understanding the matter composed of quarks and gluons, which makes up 99% of the mass of the universe. Most of this matter is found at the core of atoms, the ...

Understanding the origin of nucleon mass is a key scientific objective for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Researchers are also investigating how quark and gluon mass is distributed within ...

The proton mass radius is smaller than the electric charge radius (a dense core), while a cloud of scalar gluon activity extends beyond the charge radius. This finding could shed light on ...