The deep oceans are far from flat. They feature ridges, trenches, seamounts, and valleys, creating a diverse and dramatic ...

However, the conveyor belt theory that the crust and mantle move together was already challenging enough to reconcile with observations that mantle plumes stay in one place—and the endurance of ...

Conducted by researchers from Ocean University of China and Tohoku University, Japan, the work combines innovative seismic methodologies to map mantle flow patterns, slab-plume interactions ...