The plumes melt and narrow down the continental crust ... so we don't know exactly if this volcanism is related to the mantle plume." Samples from the rock which lies under the deep ocean off ...

The split between South America and Africa 135 million years ago was a fiery affair, new research finds. The continental breakup spewed over 3.8 million cubic miles (16 million cubic kilometers) of ...

Nasa said: “A geothermal heat source called a mantle plume lies deep below Antarctica's Marie Byrd Land, explaining some of the melting that creates lakes and rivers under the ice sheet.

This means they likely came from mantle melts related to plumes ... which mark the start of plume activity. In this case, a pulse of melting around 160 to 164 million years ago could mark the ...