After the Paris Agreement came into effect in 2016, it was understood that the 1997 Kyoto Protocol had lost its legal relevance. However, the ICJ has now said that the treaty remains valid, and countr ...

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The 1998 Kyoto Protocol — which Al Gore and the Clinton Administration helped forge — called for mandatory emission cuts and was rejected by non-binding votes in the U.S. Senate.

Although the Kyoto Protocol has expired, its legacy continues to shape global climate policies, paving the way for the Paris Agreement.

In 2015, however, countries agreed on yet another legally binding climate treaty, the Paris Agreement, which entered into force in November 2016 and effectively replaced the Kyoto Protocol.