A second benefit of the endoscopic approach is the visualization of the cervical bands from the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles ... a transaxillary first rib resection for complete ...

The symptoms are due to scar tissue formation in neck muscles (called scalene muscles ... Almost all cases of arterial TOS are associated with having an extra rib (neck rib) or an abnormal first rib.

One hundred percent of patients with a combination of neurogenic and arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) requiring cervical rib resection ... muscle origin with insertion at the first rib ...