In January of 1954, supported by the military, engineers from Bell Labs built the first computer without vacuum tubes. Known as TRADIC (for TRAnsistorized DIgital Computer), the machine was a mere ...

These computers ... first integrated circuit chips commercially available. But before even those transistor-based computers is a retrocomputing era rarely touched on: the era of programmable ...

A computer that used vacuum tubes as switching elements; for example, the UNIVAC I. See computer generations. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction requires permission.