Empress Matilda (left) was the rightful heir to the throne of King Henry I, who died in 1135. But her cousin Stephen (right), seized the crown from her, setting off the two-decades-long civil war ...

Fighting for her rightful inheritance of the English crown, Empress Matilda (1110–1125) proved to be a grandmaster in the Anarchy’s bloody chess game. Read the transcript The war of dynastic ...

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Henry, son of Empress Matilda, established stability after civil war between his mother and her rival Stephen. He asserted his authority over the barons and enforced law and governance.

Henry was the eldest son of Empress Matilda (daughter of Henry I by his second wife) and her second husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. He was known as Henry 'Curtmantle' or 'Fitz Empress' ...