the lower back is capable and prone to developing pain from injury or degenerative changes, some of which include: ...

The clinical presentation of degenerative spondylolisthesis is dependent ... [6] In patients with spondylolisthesis and stenosis of the L4-L5 segment, the L5 nerve root usually is affected.

The MRI scan demonstrated evidence of mild degenerative disc disease at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 interspace without significant compression of neural structures, with normal appearing vertebral bodies ...

At the L5/S1 level, 58% were found to have an element of disc ... the results suggest that elite athletes have a greater prevalence and greater degree of lumbar disc degeneration than the normal ...

Because of the pain walking brings, the Richmond resident is extremely limited to where she can go and what she can do.