“This makes understanding and controlling BOG a key factor in cryogenic tank design,” they said in “Experimental and numerical investigation of change in boil-off gas and thermodynamic ...

Furthermore, the integration of cryogenic liquid hydrogen in hypersonic vehicles has demonstrated that using hydrogen boil-off as a cold source can significantly enhance thermal management systems ...

LNG is stored at cryogenic temperatures, which presents unique challenges related to heat transfer, boil-off gas (BOG) management, and the thermodynamic behavior of the stored liquid. Recent ...

This has led to a significant impetus for developing innovative pressure control designs based on mixing of the bulk tank fluid together with some form of active or passive cooling to allow storage of ...

It is best used as an upper stage fuel. If left unattended without cooling, it will 'boil off' into space - see the Fuel Boiloff section below. By contrast, Lqd Methane is less cryogenic and has a ...