A) DNA polymerase binds to a single-stranded DNA template (blue) and synthesizes a complementary ... From these data, the sequence of the newly synthesized DNA strand is determined, as shown ...

DNA replication is one of the most basic ... in the existing template strand is exactly matched to a complementary sequence in the new strand, also known as the anti-sequence of the template ...

We now have billions of identical copies of a stretch of DNA 2,000 to 4,000 base pairs long. From these we need to create copies with special bases that our machines will be able to read.

DNA strand displacement circuits are inching closer to becoming cellular machines. Scientists are finding ways to make these ...

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into a complementary RNA strand. RNA polymerase enzymes read the DNA sequence and synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) ...

When a gene is to be expressed, the base sequence of DNA is copied ... form hydrogen bonds with the exposed DNA strand nucleotides by complementary base pairing to form a strand of mRNA: Note ...

on the complementary strand. Transversion mutations: A change from thymine to adenine (T → A) or guanine (T → G). Thymine deletions or insertions: The loss or gain of one or more thymine bases in the ...