Dudley is a city in Laurens County, Georgia, United States. The population was 593 in 2020. Dudley had its start in 1891 when the railroad was …Dudley is a city in Laurens County, Georgia, United States. The population was 593 in 2020. Dudley had its start in 1891 when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named for Senator Dudley Mays Hughes.